Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Plan - Essay Example The cafe also sports a small but enough accommodating library along with some soft music and mood lighting to give a relaxing environment to its customers. With its light menu and other value added services like soft music and a small library, the customers have become addicted to the comfort and coziness offered by Moods Cafe. THREAT FROM COMPETITION The cafe in the near future will face tough competition from two of the international giant franchises namely McDonalds and Starbucks coffee. The two chains of fast food and coffee will be opening around in a period of six months and the customers can barely stop themselves from talking about it. Moods Cafe foresees a loss in its customer base to Starbucks with its state-of-the art technology deployed at the outlet along with McDonald’s world famous burgers (Jakle et al, 1999). Moods Cafe on the other hand, must come up with a strong marketing strategy in order to stop Starbucks and McDonalds from invading into Moods’ terr itory. COMPETITIVE MEASURES Moods Cafe’s strength is its personalized service and the light environment which people enjoy the most. The most it can do is to add more value to its services rather than totally revamp the brand image of Moods Cafe (Bennett, 1991). Revamping Moods to a more upscale restaurant, bistro or a bar would bring it under head-on competition with McDonalds and Starbucks (Ritzer, 1998; Read, 2010). McDonalds being a fast food chain, would rather focus on drive-way sales and quick breakfast or meal for the customers whereas, Starbucks on the other hand, would impose a more threat to Moods Cafe. As the customers are offered value added services like free Wi-Fi internet usage along with a wide range of coffee flavors and light snack/breakfast, Moods is bound to face tough competition from Starbucks. Customers looking for some time to relax or even work with a coffee on the table would go to Starbucks. One advantage which Moods Cafe will have over Starbucks w ould be the flexibility of the store environment. Starbucks being an international chain, will have to adhere to strict international guidelines however, Moods Cafe can mould itself in accordance to the tastes of the customers (Bennett, 1991). Moods Cafe will position itself as a cafe with personalized service where the customers will truly relax and feel like next to being at home. McDonald’s peak time is considered breakfast or lunch where the people stop by to have a quick meal whereas, Starbucks can be considered as next to being at work but in a more relaxed environment. People stop by for breakfast, to wait for someone or something, to kill time etc (Read, 2010). Moods Cafe’s Point of Difference would be that it will take the customers away from work and the daily scuttle of the city. Its Unique Selling Proposition would be its relaxing, soothing environment along with its personalized service (Bennett, 1991). In order to create a more compatible market offering, Moods Cafe would also incorporate Wi-Fi technology in order to provide what its competition would be providing. Besides this, as mentioned above, Moods Cafe would be positioned as a place which would feel like next to being home. This would be used as a strategy to compete with both McDonalds and Starbucks which will be positioned as a more upscale brand with little or no personalized serv

Developmental psychology, Essay Example for Free

Developmental psychology, Essay It is important to keep evaluating learning activities as the child’s needs may change or your planning may not work and may need changing. Planning, teaching and evaluation is a cycle which gives structure to the learning process. Whilst in the planning process I need to know the learning objectives so that you are clear about that the pupils are expected to achieve. When evaluating you will need to look at whether the children were able to meet the leaning objectives in their task. If a child was to complete a task quickly this should be recorded. 1. 2 Weakness 1.   When planning a work activity I always take into account the children’s learning needs and levels, for example you could have a child in your group which lacks concentration and needs a more practical approach in order to show interest and for the task to be successful. For example: Child A – Lacks concentration Child B – Does not enjoy Literacy Child C – Find tasks difficult 1. 4 – All lesson plans should be made available to the LSA’s before the class starts, even if you do not have time to look at the plan you should discuss with the teacher what you are to do. Learning objectives – You must always be clear on the learning objectives of the lesson or what pupils are expected to be able to do. Leaning recourses required – The lesson plan should detail any materials which are different from those which are normally found in the classroom. Own role in supporting learning activities – It should be made clear what you are required to do whether it’s supporting a group or an individual. Specific information – you should have access to school reports about pupils learning and be able to refer to them if required whether its paper or electronic based. Sometimes changes need to be made to plan and this may happen last minute so you will need to be flexible. Any changes made to the children’s routine may affect their behaviour so you need to take this into consideration. 1. 5 2. 3 We should always be made aware of the health and safety issues especially when working with children; it is the main duty of all school employees to keep the children safe. Young children or children with additional needs may not be aware of certain hazards. Schools also have security measures in place such as gates and a signing in policy for all visitors. If you ever come across a unfamiliar face within the school grounds you should always approach them in a polite manor by saying. ‘Can I help you? ’ All storage areas should be kept tidy so they do not cause a hazard they should also be locked, spaces like cleaning cupboard especially as they store a lot of hazardous materials and can sometimes be left untidy as staff may not have enough time to tidy up or may not be sure where certain items should be. You must always make sure that no fire exits in the classrooms are blocked by chairs / tables, they should always be accessible. Describe the sorts of problems that might occur when supporting learning activities, and how to deal with these: Noise Sometimes during classes children can become distracted by noise from within the classroom and from outside (such as another classroom, or people on the hallway). I help to combat this problem by closing the doors and any windows open to the noise, and also by reminding children to work as quietly as possible and raise their hand to speak rather than shout out. Insufficient resources Many of the activities set by the teacher involve the use of multiple resources e. g. books, pencils crayons, scissors, glue, rulers etc. Unfortunately there are not always enough resources for every student, resulting in there being a delay in the commencement of work (due to trying to locate extra supplies). This problem is managed by preparing for the lesson before it begins, ensuring there are sufficient resources for the class, and also by encouraging children to help to and share with each other whenever possible. Having an inclusive class with a wide spectrum of abilities another problem which can occur when supporting learning activities, is ensuring that the all children are engaged, involved and fully understanding the task that has been set when there is such a wide spectrum of abilities. This can be dealt with in several ways, such as splitting the class into ability based groups, encouraging high ability children to help those who are struggling to keep pace (this also helps to keep the class working on a similar level), and also by setting achievable targets for work. Shy students Children may suffer from shyness which can affect their ability to work individually (such as being worried about being wrong), and get involved with the class as a whole or participate in group work. Weather – The weather can always be a distraction to the children, if it’s hot and sunny out the children can get hot and agitated. 5. 1 The reasons why it is important to evaluate learning activities are: †¢ To see what is working and what needs removing or changing †¢ To assess how the activities are being delivered and how they could be improved †¢ To see how the activities are being received by the participants Evaluation is important as it helps out when planning and helps you to think about the learning that has taken place. Spending time going through the learning activities and seeing how students have responded to a certain task or question, can really help re-shape it for future classes. It is also important to look back at the learning objects so you can measure what the children have learned. If you do not think carefully about learning objectives at the planning stage, it will not always be possible to evaluate whether pupils have achieved them. Learning objectives need to be clear for this to be possible. Learners must understand what the outcomes mean. †¢ They must be achievable. †¢ We must be able to assess pupils against them. Evaluating helps you to see if something is succeeding or may need changing. If students whizzed through the activity and then looked rather bored then it would be obvious that the task was a bit too easy and not really suitable or beneficial for that group. Therefore you would need to try and make it more engaging and stimulating, perhaps by making it more difficult or time-consuming so the students really have to work to complete it. If the activities are taking longer than expected and you can see that the students are really struggling, things again would need to be addressed. Students may not meet the learning objective, but they could have a real enthusiasm for the subject and have participated fully in all aspects of the lesson. You will need to record this somewhere. 5. 2 5. 2 and 5. 4 Upon completion of the task, I then provided constructive feedback to the class teacher, and feedback on her participation and progress. I explained that the child was:  · Very pleased to be given individual support and was positively responsive to the support (smiled, listened intently, and produced the work expected through understanding)  · After a couple of examples was able to achieve the objective of drawing on the hands onto the clock face on the task sheet given  · Succeeded in progressing in the learning activity  · Went back into the classroom with a big proud smile as she had enjoyed the task and benefited from the support. I informed the teacher that she responded well to reassurance and lots of positive praise and was very happy to receive a sticker after the task. I explained that she had completed the given learning activity objective. I gave constructive feedback that she 5. 3 Difficulties which I came across As I have not worked with this particular group before I found it hard to see what stage each child was at and what support each child needed and as the task was outside we faced a lot of distractions. Spring Work Aims / Objectives Children to identify features of spring Looking for signs of spring using senses I can see / smell / touch Share ideas With the whiteboards – Create senses poem I can see the blue sky Recourses White Boards White board pens Ipad – take pictures Evaluation The children found it a little hard to concentrate as they were taken outside and they were easily distracted ie. Wanted to run around and touch things.

classical conditioning Essay -- essays research papers

When ever the bell rings in any school in any nationyou are guaranteed to see students and teachers file into the hallway.   This automatic response comes from somethingthat has been around for a long time called classical conditioning. Classicalconditioning was discovered and researched by Ivan Pavlov, a Russianphysiologist.   His famous experimentwith his dog is known to nearly everyone who has had a middle school or highereducation.   He fed his dog in a pattern,every time he fed his dog he rang a bell.  Eventually the dog associated the bell with food and would begin tosalivate just on hearing the bell.   Thatis the original experiment proving classical conditioning.   What is aconditioned stimulus?   â€Å"A neutralstimulus that, after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, becomesassociated with it and elicits a conditioned response.† (World of Psychologypg167)  Ã‚   In English it is something thatis used to train someone or something through repetition.   Pavlov made use of this in his experiment toshow classical conditioning.   Where asan unconditioned stimulus is something that is unlearned but is just respondedto out of instinct.   Pavlov’s dog, for examplehad one unconditioned stimulus and one conditioned stimulus.   Both the conditioned and unconditionedstimuli were to an unconditioned response, the dog salivating.   The unconditioned stimulus was the dog foodthat started the dog salivating.   The conditionedstimulus or new stimulus was the bell being rung every time the dog was fed.After awhile the unconditioned stimulus wasn’t even needed, because the dog wasnow conditioned to respond to the bell and salivate whenever he heard thebell.   Things like this happened all thetime, for example; when I put on running shoes and running clothes my dog willbecome extremely hyper because she knows we are going outside and she will getto run around. Probably thestrongest application of classical conditioning is emotions.   Human emotions are condition extremelyeasily to things that provoke strong reaction, things such as Adolf Hitler, theIRS, the American Flag and chemistry class because of their associations withour emotions.   If something like thatprovoked a strong emotion before in your life when brought up in conversationthe strong emotion that was conditioned comes up also.   For example when a person meets someone withthe same name as someone they previously lik... ...   He thenwondered would the dog still salivate if he attached the device to the dogspelvis, then hind paw, then shoulder, then foreleg and finally the frontpaw.   He discovered that the farther hegot from the rear thigh, or the original conditioning, the less of a salivatingresponse.   Other examples of this arethings such as someone who was attacked by a dog when he or she was young andtherefore grew up hating and fearing all dogs.   On the other sideof generalization there must be discrimination.   Pavlov decided he didn’t want his dogs to salivate to any othertones but â€Å"C.†Ã‚   This was not very hard all that was need was to cause extinction in any other type of tone.   The â€Å"C† tone was reinforced by continuouslygiving food after the tone was rung.   On the other hand whenever any other tone was sounded it was not reinforced by food.   Thus the dog became more conditioned to â€Å"C† and the conditioned responses for the other tones becameextinct. Classicalconditioning has and will continue to be around forever.   It is part of human nature and many peopletake advantage of it daily.   It can beused to dispel fears or as training for a job, it doesn’t matter what it is for it will just be there.

Ancient Greeces Obsession with Beauty Essay -- Ancient Greece Essays

Ancient Greece was one of the most important civilizations in the history of mankind. Ancient Greece spanned thousands of years, beginning in 1100 BC and ending with the end of the Hellenistic period in 146 BC. Ancient Greece made many contributions to the modern world, such as language, politics, philosophy, science, art, architecture, beauty, and much more. Beauty now a days is in most cases considered as how pretty something looks on the outside. Most people these days look at outer beauty rather than inner beauty. Beauty in ancient Greece is different than beauty now in many different ways. In ancient Greece, beauty can be defined in many things. Beauty in family, art, architecture, sculpture, and literature shows all the many definitions of beauty in ancient Greece. Family was important in ancient Greece. â€Å"The ancient Greeks had a society of Patriarchy and Misogyny† (Katz 71). Patriarchy is a society where the father had supreme authority over the family. Misogyny meant that the women were worthless. Women would usually get married at a very young age of around twelve to sixteen years old. Most women did not have a choice of whom to marry and instead their father, uncle, or brother chose for her. The richer the woman was the earlier she got married, but the poor woman got married at a bit higher age. They did not have the authority to do many things that men did. They were not able to go to the Olympics, the streets of the city, or even sometimes the marketplace. If they ever went anywhere they usually went to weddings and funerals and religious ceremonies, or to visit other women. Since they stayed in their houses for long periods of time they were usually in charge of the house when it comes to cleaning or or... ...aic Period, Archaic ‘patriarchy’ and high sexual culture in Classical Athens. Kats, Marilyn. â€Å"Ideology and ‘The Status of Women’ in Ancient Greece.† History and Theory, Beiheft 31: History and Feminist Theory. Vol. 31. Blackwell Publishing for Wesleyan University. 1992. 70-97. This chapter of the book focuses on the status of women in ancient Greece in comparison to the eighteenth through twentieth century. Levin, Saul. â€Å"Love and the Hero of the Iliad.† Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. Vol. 80. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1949. 37-49. In this chapter it talks about the Iliad and what the Greeks point of view is over the Iliad. Plato. The Allegory of the Cave. This piece of literature is written by Plato and in it Plato explains through the use of many metaphors what it is to become the philosopher king.

Marco Polo

Marco Polo was no doubt one of the most influential explorers in the world. His tales of the East opened the minds of the Europeans, and his tales were a catalyst for the Age of Exploration in Europe. His influence on geographical exploration was so pivotal that many years later Christopher Columbus used Marco Polo’s book on his voyage to the New World. Marco Polo’s book, The Travels of Marco Polo, was widely published and thousands of copies were printed in different languages. However, many skeptics believe that Marco Polo never actually set foot in China, but used other traveler’s accounts of China as his own.Despite Marco Polo’s huge influence on Europe, the false and wildly exaggerated claims and the amount of Chinese Culture he failed to mention in his book made it evident that Marco Polo was really a fraud and never really made it to China. Historians have questioned Marco Polo’s credibility with his many dubious claims in his book, suggestin g that he also fabricated his story about setting foot in China. One false claim Marco Polo made was that he assisted Kublai Khan as a military advisor during the siege of Hsyiang-Yang.According to records, the Chinese siege ended on January 1273, which was two years before Marco Polo actually got to northern China. Another doubtful claim Marco Polo made was that he was the governor of Yangzhou, and served as an ambassador under Kublai Khan. Yet despite his high-ranking positions, his name does not appear in any of the Chinese records. Historians have argued that Marco Polo’s publisher, Rusticello, might have exaggerated his stories to make it more interesting, but that just furthermore questions the credibility of Marco Polo’s book.If Marco Polo and Rusticello exaggerated and lied about so many things, they might have lied or exaggerated about Marco Polo even setting foot in China. In addition to his questionable claims, Marco Polo also fails to mention important aspe cts of 13th century Chinese life and culture. Marco Polo also omits many important aspects of Chinese life and culture from his book, The Travels of Marco Polo , which would have been hard to leave out as an European if he really set foot in China. Marco Polo claimed that he spent many years traveling around China, serving as â€Å"The Eyes† of Kublai Khan.Yet during the time he spent traveling South China, he fails to mention anything at all about tea drinking, which was popular in southern China during Polo’s time. He also fails to mention the binding of a woman’s feet, which would have fascinated the Europeans due to how strange and different it was. This raises suspicion, since Marco Polo vividly describes other aspects of Chinese culture and life with so much detail; yet he fails to mention the slightest bit about tea drinking and feet binding, strongly proving that he only borrowed descriptions from other travelers.Other aspects of Chinese Culture and life he omitted from his book were the use of chopsticks, Chinese writing, Chinese books and printing, and porcelain; all important aspects of Chinese life and culture. However, the most alarming thing Marco Polo failed to mention was the Great Wall of China. Though some historians might argue it was in tatters during this period of time, it still remained China’s greatest architectural achievement, and shouldn’t have been missed out from Marco Polo’s book if Marco Polo actually went to China.Marco Polo may have missed out on many aspects of Chinese culture and life, but his book never ceased to amaze the Europeans from the moment it was published. Marco Polo’s book told of a land to the east never known to the Europeans before, and opened up the Europeans’ medieval minds whether or not those accounts of China actually belonged to him. At first, Europeans found his tales hard to believe, but instead of rejecting Marco Polo’s stories, they embrac ed it as a romantic fantasy.Nonetheless, The Travels of Marco Polo became Europe’s most widely read book, due to the fascinating and detailed descriptions of Kublai Khan’s wealth and his magnificent empire. His descriptions of China was that of a country with thriving towns, and with cities far richer than any place in Europe in terms of goods, services and technology. Marco Polo may not have included everything about Chinese culture, but he still managed to amaze the Europeans with descriptions of paper money, at the same time introducing Europe to coal, a substance they had never heard of before.Marco Polo may have opened up the minds of European and his stories may have been a major cause of the Age of Exploration, but in the end evidence proves that he was merely a useful â€Å"recorder of Information†, as deemed by Frances Wood, Marco Polo’s No. 1 critic. Despite Marco Polo’s book about China, which fascinated readers all around Europe, the am ount of false and dubious claims in Marco Polo’s book combined with the amount of important aspects of Chinese life and culture omitted from the book strongly proves that Marco Polo was not a credible source and never really set foot in China.His false statements and wild exaggerations in his book have caused historians to question his credibility, and the amount of omissions in Marco Polo’s book are simply too great to confirm that he really set foot in China. Nonetheless, Marco Polo was a huge influence to Europe, whether or not his tales were fabricated from other travelers, and remains one of the most famous explorers to this day. Marco Polo Marco Polo was no doubt one of the most influential explorers in the world. His tales of the East opened the minds of the Europeans, and his tales were a catalyst for the Age of Exploration in Europe. His influence on geographical exploration was so pivotal that many years later Christopher Columbus used Marco Polo’s book on his voyage to the New World. Marco Polo’s book, The Travels of Marco Polo, was widely published and thousands of copies were printed in different languages. However, many skeptics believe that Marco Polo never actually set foot in China, but used other traveler’s accounts of China as his own.Despite Marco Polo’s huge influence on Europe, the false and wildly exaggerated claims and the amount of Chinese Culture he failed to mention in his book made it evident that Marco Polo was really a fraud and never really made it to China. Historians have questioned Marco Polo’s credibility with his many dubious claims in his book, suggestin g that he also fabricated his story about setting foot in China. One false claim Marco Polo made was that he assisted Kublai Khan as a military advisor during the siege of Hsyiang-Yang.According to records, the Chinese siege ended on January 1273, which was two years before Marco Polo actually got to northern China. Another doubtful claim Marco Polo made was that he was the governor of Yangzhou, and served as an ambassador under Kublai Khan. Yet despite his high-ranking positions, his name does not appear in any of the Chinese records. Historians have argued that Marco Polo’s publisher, Rusticello, might have exaggerated his stories to make it more interesting, but that just furthermore questions the credibility of Marco Polo’s book.If Marco Polo and Rusticello exaggerated and lied about so many things, they might have lied or exaggerated about Marco Polo even setting foot in China. In addition to his questionable claims, Marco Polo also fails to mention important aspe cts of 13th century Chinese life and culture. Marco Polo also omits many important aspects of Chinese life and culture from his book, The Travels of Marco Polo , which would have been hard to leave out as an European if he really set foot in China. Marco Polo claimed that he spent many years traveling around China, serving as â€Å"The Eyes† of Kublai Khan.Yet during the time he spent traveling South China, he fails to mention anything at all about tea drinking, which was popular in southern China during Polo’s time. He also fails to mention the binding of a woman’s feet, which would have fascinated the Europeans due to how strange and different it was. This raises suspicion, since Marco Polo vividly describes other aspects of Chinese culture and life with so much detail; yet he fails to mention the slightest bit about tea drinking and feet binding, strongly proving that he only borrowed descriptions from other travelers.Other aspects of Chinese Culture and life he omitted from his book were the use of chopsticks, Chinese writing, Chinese books and printing, and porcelain; all important aspects of Chinese life and culture. However, the most alarming thing Marco Polo failed to mention was the Great Wall of China. Though some historians might argue it was in tatters during this period of time, it still remained China’s greatest architectural achievement, and shouldn’t have been missed out from Marco Polo’s book if Marco Polo actually went to China.Marco Polo may have missed out on many aspects of Chinese culture and life, but his book never ceased to amaze the Europeans from the moment it was published. Marco Polo’s book told of a land to the east never known to the Europeans before, and opened up the Europeans’ medieval minds whether or not those accounts of China actually belonged to him. At first, Europeans found his tales hard to believe, but instead of rejecting Marco Polo’s stories, they embrac ed it as a romantic fantasy.Nonetheless, The Travels of Marco Polo became Europe’s most widely read book, due to the fascinating and detailed descriptions of Kublai Khan’s wealth and his magnificent empire. His descriptions of China was that of a country with thriving towns, and with cities far richer than any place in Europe in terms of goods, services and technology. Marco Polo may not have included everything about Chinese culture, but he still managed to amaze the Europeans with descriptions of paper money, at the same time introducing Europe to coal, a substance they had never heard of before.Marco Polo may have opened up the minds of European and his stories may have been a major cause of the Age of Exploration, but in the end evidence proves that he was merely a useful â€Å"recorder of Information†, as deemed by Frances Wood, Marco Polo’s No. 1 critic. Despite Marco Polo’s book about China, which fascinated readers all around Europe, the am ount of false and dubious claims in Marco Polo’s book combined with the amount of important aspects of Chinese life and culture omitted from the book strongly proves that Marco Polo was not a credible source and never really set foot in China.His false statements and wild exaggerations in his book have caused historians to question his credibility, and the amount of omissions in Marco Polo’s book are simply too great to confirm that he really set foot in China. Nonetheless, Marco Polo was a huge influence to Europe, whether or not his tales were fabricated from other travelers, and remains one of the most famous explorers to this day.

Plant Cell Essays - Organelles, Chloroplast, Cell, Plant Cell

Plant Cell Essays - Organelles, Chloroplast, Cell, Plant Cell Plant Cell I am your usual plant cell. There are trillions of my kind on all plants, grass, and trees. My breed ranges from ten to a hundred micrometers. I am approximately twenty micrometers since I dwell in grass. My organelles stretch out to one to ten micrometers. If you are asking what I really do and how I live, I am going to answer them in this paper. First off, any cells requires a structure, metabolism, energy, nutrients, waste, and communication. I am more complex than most other cells. Bacteria cell only have a cell wall, cell membrane, and a cytoplasm. Animal cells do not have cell wall, vacuole and cytoplasts. I am a very extraordinary cell indeed. Photosynthesis is the process which I develop. Every sunny day when I reserve water or consume water, photosynthesis occurs. The three main parts of this are for me to take in sunlight. I must be in a carbon dioxide environment because that is what I breathe. I also need water. These three things of matter are the necessary resources for my growth and expansion. Since this process uses sunlight, it is continually renewable, and thus the cause for all ecosystems. The process of photosynthesis occurs in my chloroplasts. The chloroplasts are large, complex, double membraned organelles. They also give the cell the color of green. Chloroplasts have their own individual mini-cells and own DNA. My chloroplasts produce oxygen and glucose as a byproduct which the mitochondria uses to produce energy in the procedure of cellular respiration. The mitochondria is like a power source to me. It takes the glucose and oxygen from the chloroplasts and batters it down to provide chemical energy or ATP. The chloroplasts and the mitochondria are both found in my cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all things in me that are not an organelle. They are located just inside the cell wall and cell membrane. The cell wall provides structure and support for me. The cell wall is fabricated with a thin layer of cellulose. The cellulose is a polysaccharide made of many glucose units linked together. Just inside of the cell wall is the cell membrane. This part of my body gives an extra layer of protection and keeps things in and out of me. The cell membrane is mostly made out of lipids. The cell membrane is also permiable to water. Water can slip in and out of the cell easily through the cell membrane. This process is called osmosis. Within the cell membrane is my nucleus. The nucleus acts as a brain to me. It contains DNA and RNA which operate together to build and control the cell. The nucleus is a small tiny cell within me. It has a double membrane. The nucleus?s job is to produces proteins which a re carried by my endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleus has its own layer called the nucleoplasm. The Nucleoplasm is made up of proteins and RNA which help in the formation of ribosomes. The ribosomes are minuscule organelles which take RNA from the nucleus and produce it into protein. . Connected from the ribosomes are the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is a series of membranes and is located in several parts of me. These are all scattered throughout the cell and always attached to the cell membrane. Also from the endoplasmic reticulum are the golgi bodies. They take protein and wrap them in a membrane. They are discovered all over me. Lastly in my body is the vacuole. The vacuole is an organelle with no internal structure. It works as a storage place for me. It is located in the center of me. Overall my cell is extremely complex with many parts. My model has tried to concur with it and resemble it as best as can be. My model is made up of cardboard, balloon, paper, gum, screws, and shipping fragile objects material.

How to Write a History Research Paper Comprehensive Guide from Expert Writers

How to Write a History Research Paper Comprehensive Guide from Expert Writers A research paper in History is exactly what it says on the tin – a written endeavor to research some events, factors, situations or conditions in the past to prove a certain point. In this sense, it is rather close to a term paper, and indeed, the difference between the two is often vague. The main distinctive feature is that a research paper isn’t tied to any particular period. You may have to write one over either a shorter or a longer period of time than a semester, and it may be larger or smaller than an average term paper, so you should adapt the following advice to the specifics of your particular task. Choice of Topic You may have a varying amount of freedom in your choice of topic. Sometimes the path is already decided for you by your professor, and the most you can do is to ask for a slight alteration. Sometimes you are given a free hand. Either way, you should strive to write about something you are both interested and well-versed in. One of the two can do, but try to avoid writing on topics that are both unfamiliar and boring to you. Remember, you will have to spend many hours gathering information and analyzing it, so don’t approach this choice lightly. Laymen often perceive history as a mechanical record of events that happened in the past. The reality is much more complicated. History is not only concerned with what happened (although it is extremely important, and figuring out the nature of past events based on fragmented, incomplete and often biased sources is a major part of a historian’s work), but with why it happened and what were its consequences. At the same time, it isn’t the job of history to evaluate the moral nature of the events. Any academic work is to a considerable degree based on existing bibliography on the subject. However, for History it is especially important as written sources are, by and large, all you have to rely on. You can’t run practical experiments, you can only glean some understanding from something somebody has written on the subject. Therefore, your choice of topic is to a great degree based on the existing body of work on the subject. Ask yourself the following questions: Do scholars agree on your topic? If not, what is the point of contention? Do you consider the argument to be meaningful? Can you offer another approach to the problem? How well-researched is your topic? Are you the first to approach it in this particular way? Were there any recent findings that call for its reassessment? How much freedom do you have? Limitations aren’t always bad – when you are given a direction and a list of relevant documents to study, you already have something to build upon; Are there any assumptions about the topic that you and others take for granted? Are you sure these are correct? Will you have an opportunity to alter your choice later on, and if yes, to what extent? In the end, your topic should deal with an interpretation of events, their causes and effects, be neither too general nor too narrow and, ideally, be something you would write about willingly. Here are some examples: Satsuma Rebellion: Reasons for Its Premature Start and Failure; Fall of Constantinople in 1453 And Its Immediate Influence on the European History; Erwin Rommel and His Role in the Plot Against Hitler; Intermarium Federation Proposal of Joseph Pilsudski and Its Potential Implications for The World History; Operation Overlord and Its Role In Bringing World War II To a Close. Preparation and Research: Tips from Our Writers You Can’t Neglect The first order of business is to prepare the sources you are going to use in your research. All sources can be roughly divided into two types: Primary – all the relevant materials created during the time period you research. This, however, doesn’t mean that they are the most useful and trustworthy: while people who wrote at the time the events in question took place have an advantage of seeing them play out in front of them, they don’t see them in perspective, are often biased and don’t possess complete information. Secondary – all the materials created after the time period in question. These are mostly analytical works that perceive the past events in perspective, see their connections with other factors and usually make a certain argument. You will mostly deal with such sources, and your own work will become such a source when you complete it. As your time is limited, you should be very selective about the sources you use. Before choosing a work to use as a source, you should check how relevant and trustworthy it is. Find out the following: Who is the author? Is his background relevant for the problem in question? How objective he is likely to be? Is he biased? What is his reputation in academic community? When and where was the source created? Could these factors have influenced the author’s viewpoint (things like dominant views at the time, ideological constraints in the country of origin, limited information on the subject); What were the reasons for the creation of a source? Are they stated? Is it a scholarly work, a piece of propaganda, a work of fiction or art, or one of these things masquerading as another? How does the source look in the context of other sources on the subject? Does it represent a common point of view? Does it omit important pieces of evidence? If yes, can this omission be intended? Does it promote particular viewpoints? Remember – a history research paper is only as good as the sources it is based on. Even if your reasoning and analytical abilities are impeccable, if they are based on disreputable, untrustworthy or one-sided sources, it immediately devalues your work. Select a limited number of sources representing different points of view but unlikely to be strongly influenced by factors not related to the subject matter (politics, author’s views, etc.). Don’t try to encompass them all – even the narrowest subjects usually have enough sources to last you a lifetime. When you start reading, know when to stop: don’t fall into the trap of reading for reading’s sake, for you can collect information and corroborative evidence indefinitely. Start writing when you feel you have an absolute minimum to work on, and read up on things that require additional attention as you go along. Outline/Thesis Statement Once you’ve clearly formulated your topic and made about a third of the necessary research, you should start working on your outline. In the outline you are supposed to define the main points of your research, decide how they relate to each other and to the main topic of your work, in what order they are to be mentioned and what supporting details you should provide. Remember – this isn’t a plan set in stone. It is an outline that you write mostly for your own convenience. If, in the course of your work, you find out that some facts are better mentioned in different order, or have unexpected similarities and connections and thus have to go hand in hand, make these changes. Right now, your paper is a work in progress. Title Once you’ve defined and narrowed down your topic, you won’t have particular problems with the title of your paper. A history research paper doesn’t need its title to be overly creative and unusual – its main purpose is to clearly and unequivocally denote the topic and, if possible, your main argument. Consult your instructor if you feel any doubts. Body Paragraphs This is where most of your work lies, and it is where you should start after you finish preliminary work. Introduction comes later, possibly last, when you already know how your research turned out. In writing the main part of your paper, it is important to follow certain conventions. They may differ in different colleges, but some things are accepted almost everywhere: Use of past tense. As everything related to your subject matter by definition happened at some point in the past, this is the tense you should use. If you’ve carried out the habit of sometimes falling into â€Å"literary present† from your creative writing course or somewhere else, forget about it – it does not belong here. Analyze the events of the past in context of what happened next, but don’t fall into the mistake of viewing them from the position of a modern human. Remember that the people you are writing about lived in another time, in completely different conditions and shared sets of values and assumptions completely different from those of your generation. Today, some of these values may seem quaint, barbaric or alien, but at the time they were quite natural. Analyze but do not judge. Use formal, academic voice. Don’t use informal words, expressions and sentence structures. Avoid passive voice. Don’t use first and second person pronouns. Use a consistent citation style. Find out the format your college uses, get your hands on a style guide and start using it from the very beginning. It will save you a lot of time later on. Avoid general statements. Whatever people may say, history is an exact science. Don’t make sweeping statements. If you know the year, say it. If you know the number, mention it. If you don’t, make no assumptions. Don’t rely on quotes too much. A paper that has too many quotes looks as if you don’t have anything of your own to say. You should use quotations only when it is absolutely necessary. Paraphrase in all other cases. Employ your own writing and analytical skills when possible. Introduction and Conclusion Once you’ve finished with the main body of research, you can write an introduction based on it. Point out the main topic of your paper, what arguments you intend to make, what conclusion you expect to draw and so on. To a considerable degree, it is a formal part built around the main part of the paper, and it is exactly the reason why you should start working on it when everything else is already done – otherwise you will have to rewrite it multiple times to reflect the changes your research underwent in the course of work. Conclusion mostly recounts the same ideas as introduction does, only now you mention whether research went as planned, whether you achieved the expected results, what you believe to be the significance of your research, what work remained undone and what can be done in the future. Editing and Proofreading Check everything you’ve written so far. Correct any grammar, syntax and spelling mistakes you could have made. You can use online spellcheckers for that purpose, but don’t expect much from them – the best course of action would be to hire a professional editor or proofreader. Check the facts. You could’ve made a mistake when quoting somebody, or used incorrect notes or something else – the larger the amount of data you had to deal with, the higher the likelihood of errors is. Go through the paper with the style guide in hand once again. The rule of formatting and quoting may seem trivial and unimportant for you, but academic community has different views on the subject. Refine your text. This means eliminating all informal expressions and structures (like contractions), repetitions, filler words (like â€Å"the fact that†, â€Å"in order to†, â€Å"as a matter of fact†, â€Å"somewhat†, â€Å"fairly†, â€Å"considerably†) and overly complex sentences. If you have a long and complex sentence, either break it up or remove parts of it completely – chances are, you can say the same things in a much simpler way. Don’t try to sound smart and sophisticated by using long, multi-clause sentences. If a 6-syllable word has a 1-syllable synonym, use the shorter variant. Give your paper to a trustworthy person to read and review. They can point out many mistakes that eluded you throughout the process of writing. If necessary, don’t hesitate to correct, revise and even rewrite parts of your paper. Even if you find flaws at such a later date, it is better to spend some additional time on corrections than to hand it in as it is and hope nobody would notice.

Heroic Figures of the 21st Century Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essay

Heroic Figures of the 21st Century Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essay Heroic Figures of the 21st Century: Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essay Heroic Figures of the 21st Century: Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essayThe 21st century is the century of new technologies and overwhelming power of information. The 21st century is often associated with the age of information that means that information plays the key part in the life of the society and global community. In this regard, individuals, who contribute to the development of information technologies and facilitate information sharing or contribute to the sharing of information and knowledge, play an important part in the life of the society or even the entire world. This is why many heroic figures of the 21st century are closely associated with the world of high information technologies, communications, and science. At this point, it is possible to refer to such figures as Steve Jobs or Julian Assange, who may be viewed as heroic, although the latter is quite controversial. In fact, views on these figures may vary but their impact on the world in the 21st century can hardl y be underestimated, while their role in the development of the modern world has been already recognized internationally (Hesselbein, Goldsmith Beckhard 129). In such a way, Steve Jobs and Julian Assange are two heroic figures, who have made the information available to the public and shared by the public to make the public more capable to control the government and policy makers.Steve Jobs was one of the prominent figures in the business world and in the field of information technologies, who had made the breakthrough of Apple, reviving the company and helping the company to introduce innovative products that have revolutionized the IT industry and telecommunication systems. At this point, it is worth mentioning the major innovations introduced by Apple under Steve Jobs, iPod and iPhone, which revolutionized the IT and telecommunication industry. In actuality, his name is closely intertwined with the development and successful introduction of innovations that have changed the mode rn world, especially iPhone (Trent 32). Moreover, it is Steve Jobs, who has revived the now popular brand Apple, which faced a steep decline and was in a deep crisis, when Jobs returned to the company. In such a way, he became the person, who contributed to the mass production of what used to be the most popular smartphones, when it has been just introduced, and what is now still one of the most popular smartphones in the world.  Today, Steve Jobs is the iconic figure associated with the revolution in the field of information technologies and telecommunications, since Steve Jobs made high technologies available to mass consumers bringing them virtually universal mobile device which is still one of the most popular product and every new generation of iPhone takes a large share of the global market. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that Steve Jobs did not just introduce the device that became extremely popular in the world but he contributed to the introduction of the device that has changed how people communicate or even live. Moreover, it was Steve Jobs, who contributed to the development of the particular lifestyle of clients, who own iPhones and, thus, it was him, who shaped the target customer group of the main product of Apple under his lead. Steve Jobs was responsible for the performance of all departments of Apple, including sales and promotion ones. This is why the image of the lifestyle of iPhone users created by the company was, to a significant extent, created by Steve Jobs, while currently there are millions of users of iPhones worldwide.However, the major achievement of Steve Jobs is not the technological breakthrough, Apple has made under his lead, but his contribution to the business development of the company.   Steve Jobs became the leader, who has managed to change the company, to revive Apple and help the company to regain its position as one of the leaders in the IT industries. His leadership style and his personality becam e iconic for many leaders, who try to follow his lead and to conduct changes in their companies as successfully as he did. But what makes him different and unique and, therefore, heroic, is his uniqueness since many try to use the same strategy and policies, which he applied to Apple, but it was only him who has managed to apply those strategies and policies successfully. Some researchers (Benfari 191) even speak about the phenomenon of Jobs’ leadership, which was far from perfect or ideal from the standpoint of a subordinate but which has proved to be extremely efficient from the organizational standpoint. In the time of multinational corporations and complex organizational structures of public and private organizations such leadership is very important and Steve Jobs is recognized as one of the most successful and efficient leaders in the 21st century world so far.Steve Jobs became the iconic figure because the public perceived him as a person, who made technologies closer to people. Moreover, iPhone and other advancements of Apple under the lead of Steve Jobs has eliminated frontiers between people making communication more effective and closer to people. As a result, people have expanded their communication opportunities due to innovations introduced by Apple under Steve Jobs’ lead. As Jobs was the leader, the public personifies the major achievements of Apple in the 21st century with him. At the same time, Steve Jobs became the iconic figure as a new type of leader, who can lead the organization through consistent, revolutionary changes and bring it to success.Furthermore, some proponents of Steve Jobs view him as an opponent of the government machine that attempts to set control over people and their private life because new technologies introduced by Apple under his lead had opened new opportunities for information sharing that limited opportunities for the government to manipulate with the public opinion (Sarewitz, Pielke Keykhah 147). I n this regard, Steve Jobs has offered people with the universal means that they can use for sharing information immediately, regardless of their physical location due to the wide opportunities for the communication offered by the device (Mars Frosdick 125). In fact, iPhone has changed the philosophy of the communication and many people attribute this change to Steve Jobs as the person responsible for the introduction and promotion of iPhone in the global market. To put it more precisely, people have got ample opportunities not only to talk to each other or send messages each other but also they have got access to online resources, share various information and files of different types, and conduct many other operations, including payments and others via their iPhones, and many of those opportunities were options uniquely attributed to iPhones by that time.Heroic Figures of the 21st Century: Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essay part 2

Winning at Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Winning at Change - Essay Example The ingredients for good communication are that it needs to be direct and personal and not lean through memos; it should be correct as a precise message produces best results; euphoria is to be avoided at small achievements and the larger goal must be pursued relentlessly until realized; and the blame game must be abandoned. Change programmes should have a large spread with timeline for each segment. Within this smaller goals are easier to understand and become achievable. Effective partnerships must be built with various stakeholders first by engaging the right persons within the organisation for each job and then making strategic partnerships to cement relations with outsiders. Teamwork is essential and forming a winning team means building confidences and delegating authority. The vision is the binding force and it must be meaningful and beneficial for everyone. The intentions must be clear; ambitious but practical. Conflicts between stakeholders must be resolved through give and take, keeping the vision in mind. An organisation has leaders at all levels and each one performs the universal task of explaining the vision and encouraging others to step up their efforts in achieving them. Leadership is critical in change management and a leader is dynamic and caring and the organisational transformation depends entirely on them. A successful transformation requires eight steps. First a hard look at ground realities of market conditions, potential crises or opportunities will establish the need and the urgency for transformation. Secondly, forging coalitions or partnerships and encouraging teamwork to ensure smooth functioning. Thirdly, a clear vision is required to create motives and strategies. Fourthly, the effective communication of vision through any mean is necessary to galvanize actions. Next, people must be empowered and barriers and obstacles must be removed; thinking out of the box

Social Media Analysis and Customer Behaviour Research Proposal

Social Media Analysis and Customer Behaviour - Research Proposal Example With this accessibility and transparency of information the decision making process of the consumer is highly influenced. Traditional methods of advertising through the use of mass media have become highly ineffective as the consumers are eager to seek more information directly from the company. Therefore, companies have to work the market and find out the reception of the consumers to their brand, what influences their decisions positively and negatively (Lee, 2013). In this paper we shall examine the influence of social networks on the decision of a buyer. The first segments will presents an introduction to the chosen theme which includes the background and statement of the problem, the objectives and significance of the study, in the next chapter relevant information on literature review will be clearly provided from previous specialized studies. The third chapter will describes the research methodology and data analysis and final conclusions of the study. Marketing was done mainly through the mass media, advertisements would run on televisions and announced on the radios. Telemarketers would call consumers to market their brands and offer promotion services. This was all done beforeinvent of the online platform. The consumers would rely on the information offered by the manufacturers on the advertisements about the products.In the 20th century the internet was in full force and various social sites would connect people online, through easily- accessible and innovative features various social sites have linked people from different places in the world and has helped the layman connect with professionals. The use of mobile based platforms has increased the online presence of consumers as most people subscribe to different social sites. Companies have embraced this trend and established multiple accounts that offer customers services to their consumers. The online presence has made today’s consumer more divulging with

What Should Be Done about Child Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What Should Be Done about Child Obesity - Essay Example An article was published in the Telegraph on the 6th of January 2010 titled â€Å"BREATS MILK NO BETTER FOR A BABY THAN FORMULA†. In this article, a Norwegian professor Sven Carlsen claimed that breastfed children are not healthier because they are fed naturally because they conditions in their mother’s womb tended to be better. Unfortunately, a lot of nursing mothers refer to this article to defend their use of formulas over breast milk. Today children are suffering from health conditions that were once identified as adult diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, increased the level of blood cholesterol, child obesity and sometimes increased blood pressure. Breast milk has been shown to be very beneficial for children and effective in reduction of the  child obesity and other health conditions. The child’s organism is nourished optimally with breast milk and various studies explain how breastfeeding controls child obesity. Breastfed children are able to control the amount of breast milk they take, in this regard they can regulate consumption and demand when they are hungry unlike in children fed with formula who tend to finish a bottle and this can override the child’s self-regulation of energy intake. Children fed with breast milk are more likely to adapt to varieties of nutritious food such as fruits and vegetables. These are essential to maintaining a healthy body weight throughout their lives and reduce the chances of diseases. The effects of breast-milk on hormones and metabolism are essential in the maintenance of ideal body weight because of the ideal content of insulin which helps fat storage but when children are fed with formulas they tend to store more fat because of the high level of insulin content in formulas and such children are predisposed to obesity.

Marketing ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing ethics - Essay Example A recent McDonald's TV ad campaign entitled "Feed your inner child" is taken as an example of the ethical dimensions of marketing along the lines of the conflict between "profit" and "nutrition". It is clear that both elements should be in balance in order for McDonald's to be able to keep doing business at the same time that the consumers -children and adults- are served healthy food instead of junk food. This is a very conflictive topic, and it is a complex issue when it comes to finding an adequate solution for all parties involved. (Business Ethics, 2006). In a research study conducted by Kristen Harrison and Amy Marske (2005) for the American Journal of Public Health entitled "Nutritional Content of Foods Advertised During the Television Programs Children Watch Most" and published online by MyDNA under the title of "TV Ads Market Junk Food to Kids", the researchers found that "kids' consumption of TV ads that tout poor food choices is especially troubling because childhood obesity is on the rise, TV advertising influences children's food purchases and purchase requests, and kids see so many TV food ads a day." (Harrison and Marske, 2005). The researchers suggested that "parental involvement is the most important factor in the determination of the family diet. () Parents can work to maintain the integrity of the family pantry not only through selective shopping, but also through efforts to instruct their children about food and nutrition." (Harrison and Marske, 2005). Harrison stated that other adults should cooperate with parents in order to address the health problem of childhood obesity. In her opinion the food industry and advertisers "bear some responsibility for peddling nutritionally inadequate foods so aggressively to kids." (Harrison and Marske, 2005). The overall findings of this research study establish a significant degree of causation between childhood obesity and high levels of fast food advertising. In the article entitled "Advertising: Self Defence Tips for Parents and Young People!", Red Branch Human Performance (2006) makes the next assertion about advertisers that don't lie, but at the same time they don't tell the whole truth. Let's see: "Advertisers often don't give you the full story about their product. For example, if a manufacturer claims that their product is "virtually fat free" they usually don't mention it when the product is very high in sugar. If a product is touted as "90% fat free", it is still 10% fat...which is high enough." (Red Branch, 2006). This is a very common marketing tactics used in a wide variety of products with negative features that marketers don't want to reveal to the consumers. McSpotlight (1999) is a consumers organisation from the United Kingdom whose objective is to stop McDonald's marketing aimed at children. They hold a permanent campaign encouraging consumers to send their complains to the Independent Television Commission (ITC) based in London. McSpotlight makes a strong emphasis on the ITC Code, especially Appendix 1, Rule 5 that states the following: "Advertisements must not exhort children to purchase or to ask their parents or others to make enquiries or purchases." (McSpotlight, 1999). Along this line of thought, McSpotlight

Impact of competitive environment and product life cycle of sony Essay

Impact of competitive environment and product life cycle of sony camera TF-1 - Essay Example The camera is also dust proof. The competitiveness in the market makes the Sony camera TF-1 innovative and progressive. The camera has a well-designed snapper, and performs better as compared to all other cameras in the industry. The company focuses on improving the resolution of the F-1 camera versions. According to GibaldI (2010, 41), Sony restructures its camera in a bid to have a competitive edge. The restructuring will help reduce the cost of manufacturing and improvement of camera quality. This company also seeks the design of camera its competitors are offering in the market (Sahlin, 2012, 61). This will help the marketing team to select the suitable camera to present in the market. In a wider sense, the marketing strategy of the Sony Company boosts the sales of the company significantly. Through the camera differentiation, consumers are able to visualize the cameras be offered in real time (Standage, 2012, 23). Sony, through the enhanced strategy of the snapper is able to widen customer base. Marketing influences the strengths and weaknesses of the Sony. The Sony Company also applies promotion to the determination of the number of clients made on a daily basis. The major goal for Sony is the maintenance of its current customers in order to boost the sales revenue. According to White (2013, 83), the marketing strategy that Sony uses is wide and varied. For instance, the cameras can be established using different design materials to ensure a new look. The camera design improves when the branding system is above board and effective. Branding, as is conventionally known can potentially change the TF-1’s look. Sony should, come up with fashionable design of camera that is able to demystify the use of other low quality cameras. The camera’s lifecycle is comprehensive because it incorporates the developmental stage of the camera and the decline stage of the camera’s performance. The

Marketing ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing ethics - Essay Example A recent McDonald's TV ad campaign entitled "Feed your inner child" is taken as an example of the ethical dimensions of marketing along the lines of the conflict between "profit" and "nutrition". It is clear that both elements should be in balance in order for McDonald's to be able to keep doing business at the same time that the consumers -children and adults- are served healthy food instead of junk food. This is a very conflictive topic, and it is a complex issue when it comes to finding an adequate solution for all parties involved. (Business Ethics, 2006). In a research study conducted by Kristen Harrison and Amy Marske (2005) for the American Journal of Public Health entitled "Nutritional Content of Foods Advertised During the Television Programs Children Watch Most" and published online by MyDNA under the title of "TV Ads Market Junk Food to Kids", the researchers found that "kids' consumption of TV ads that tout poor food choices is especially troubling because childhood obesity is on the rise, TV advertising influences children's food purchases and purchase requests, and kids see so many TV food ads a day." (Harrison and Marske, 2005). The researchers suggested that "parental involvement is the most important factor in the determination of the family diet. () Parents can work to maintain the integrity of the family pantry not only through selective shopping, but also through efforts to instruct their children about food and nutrition." (Harrison and Marske, 2005). Harrison stated that other adults should cooperate with parents in order to address the health problem of childhood obesity. In her opinion the food industry and advertisers "bear some responsibility for peddling nutritionally inadequate foods so aggressively to kids." (Harrison and Marske, 2005). The overall findings of this research study establish a significant degree of causation between childhood obesity and high levels of fast food advertising. In the article entitled "Advertising: Self Defence Tips for Parents and Young People!", Red Branch Human Performance (2006) makes the next assertion about advertisers that don't lie, but at the same time they don't tell the whole truth. Let's see: "Advertisers often don't give you the full story about their product. For example, if a manufacturer claims that their product is "virtually fat free" they usually don't mention it when the product is very high in sugar. If a product is touted as "90% fat free", it is still 10% fat...which is high enough." (Red Branch, 2006). This is a very common marketing tactics used in a wide variety of products with negative features that marketers don't want to reveal to the consumers. McSpotlight (1999) is a consumers organisation from the United Kingdom whose objective is to stop McDonald's marketing aimed at children. They hold a permanent campaign encouraging consumers to send their complains to the Independent Television Commission (ITC) based in London. McSpotlight makes a strong emphasis on the ITC Code, especially Appendix 1, Rule 5 that states the following: "Advertisements must not exhort children to purchase or to ask their parents or others to make enquiries or purchases." (McSpotlight, 1999). Along this line of thought, McSpotlight

Republican government in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Republican government in US - Essay Example The paper demonstrates one of the significant elements of the constitution that represent the republican principle of limited government. It is where the constitution grants power to citizens, office holders and government institutions and limit all of them the exercise of power. McPherson explains that under the constitution, the sovereignty is normally divided among the state government, national government and the people, which prevent power concentration which endangers citizen’s liberty. Additionally, having endured more that two centuries, the constitution also has an element of four innovations in terms of practice and theory of the republican government. To start with the American constitution was written, and the innovation employed to create the state constitutions as well as the confederation articles. According to Curtsi, the written constitutions were significant from a vague body of law, British model and precedent, in which some were written or not. The constitu tion is also superior and separate to the government that they sought to restrain. Citizens look up to the parliament to protect their liberties from abuse of power by the state and other powerful individuals. Some of the three institutions in the new government that embodies the farmer’s commitment to the principle of representation are the house of representative, the presidency, and the senate. However, the system of representation that the framers of the constitution established the house of representative was republicanism... the sovereignty is normally divided among the state government, national government and the people, which prevent power concentration which endangers citizen’s liberty (452). Additionally, having endured more that two centuries, the constitution also has an element of four innovations in terms of practice and theory of the republican government. To start with the American constitution was written, and the innovation employed to create the state constitutions as well as the confederation articles. According to Curtsi, the written constitutions were significant from a vague body of law, British model and precedent, in which some were written or not (44-67). The constitution is also superior and separate to the government that they sought to restrain. Citizens look up to the parliament to protect their liberties from abuse of power by the state and other powerful individuals. Article V of the constitution divides the amendment power between the state governments and the national, as well as the conventions of popular citizens, where the popular conventions have been employed once since the law was amended. Some of the three institutions in the new government that embodies the farmer’s commitment to the principle of representation are the house of representative, the presidency, and the senate. However, the system of representation that the framers of the constitution established the house of representative was republicanism. Section 4, Article 4, of the constitution states that, every state in the union is guaranteed a republican form of government, but nothing has been said to add any clarification or specificity. The three institutions that embody the framers commitment were represented through direct population. This is because, on the matter of representative’s

Is Time Real Essay Example for Free

Is Time Real Essay Is Time Real The aspects of time that we can understand are only based on what we can perceive, observe, and calculate. Every day we look at our watches or clocks. We plan our day around different times of the day. Time tells us when to eat, when to sleep, and how long to do things for. Is time real? To answer this question, let me explain what time is first. Time is defined as a measured or measurable period, a continuum that lacks spatial dimensions. This broad definition lacks the simple explanation that humans are searching for. There are many scientists, philosophers, and thinkers who have tried to put time into understanding terms. In the following paragraph, I will discuss the meaning of time perceived and theorized by two of the greatest minds of human kind ? Einstein and Kant. Albert Einsteins theory of relativity (study guide, 53) came up with the idea that both space and time were relative to the observer, or the state of motion of the observer (Broadcast). If there are two chairs, and you see someone sitting in one, when you turn away, you can not be sure that he or she is still there. You also can not be sure that they are not in two chairs at the same time, or what point in time they are in them. This all leads up to Einsteins theory that time is relative. What Einsteins theory seemed to tell us was that time is not absolute and universal. It can be changed by motion. Each observer carries around his own personal scale of time and it does not absolutely agree with anybody elses. However, some philosophers have argued that all time is unreal. Kant, for example, claimed that time both the subjective time we experience as flowing, and objective time as the fixed series of all events ? is a construct of the human mind (Manuel Velasquez, 244). For Kant space and time are not real things, but are modes of experience. Kants solution was to say that there is something in our mind, that makes everything that we experience to our sense be located in time so that the physical world is simply bound to be temporal because of the way our minds works (Broadcast). From my point of view, time is definitely real, only our experience of time is subjective. For example, we see a train with blue color followed by yellow color followed by blue and so on. We will at first be able to distinguish the blue from the yellow as the train starts moving. After a while, the train moves very fast that the sequence appears to be simultaneous to our eyes and mind and we see green. We can see time is real because blue follows yellow, but our perception of time is subjective because we dont see a sequence of blue following yellow, but something else entirely. In conclusion, time is not easily explained or understood by anyone. Einstein and Kant have expanded their minds by coming up with possible theories for the unknown. We can theorize, and calculate our own, but I think it will always be an unknown. The mysteries of the universe will in my opinion be just that, a mystery. Resources: Manuel Velasquez. Introduction: What is philosophy Philosophy: A text with Readings. New York: Wadsworth, 2005. 244.

Introduction To The Death Penalty Philosophy Essay

Introduction To The Death Penalty Philosophy Essay First of all, I would like to define the death penalty. Death penalty is when someone is put to death using different types of methods, for a serious crime such as murder, rape and drug dealing. It is also known as capital punishment, which comes from the Latin word capital meaning regarding the head. So therefore the most common way of capital punishment is hanging or decapitating. Although many countries refrain from using capital punishment, many countries still practice it. Countries like USA, Saudi Arabia, China, etc. still use capital punishment. In my opinion, I personally agree with capital punishment as it creates a sense of fear in the minds of the criminals, so he/she will think twice before committing a crime. It also makes the family of the victim get justice and they will be satisfied with the decision. If the prisoner is let go of, then he/she will commit the crime again without fearing for his/her death. Justice requires punishing the guilty even if only some can be p unished and sparing the innocent, even if all are not spared.  Ã‚  Morally, justice must always be preferred to equality.  Ã‚  Justice cannot ever permit sparing some guilty person, or punishing some innocent ones, for the sake of equality-because others have been spared or punished.  Ã‚  In practice, penalties could never be applied if we insisted that they can be inflicted on only  a guilty person unless we are able to make sure that they are equally applied to all other guilty persons.  Ã‚  Anyone familiar with the law enforcement knows that punishments can be inflicted only on an unavoidable shudder selection of the guilty  (Bedau, H., 1977). Irwin Isenberg (1977) said,  when you kill a man with premeditation, you do something different than stealing from him.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I favor the death penalty as a matter of justice and human dignity even apart from deterrence.  Ã‚  The penalty must be appropriate to the seriousness of the crime (p. 135). (http://www.prodeathpenalty.com/ornellaspaper.htm) Capital punishment varies from country to country, place to place. Some places it is just fast beheading or hanging, while in other places, it is full of torture and slow death. In religion, me being a Muslim, has to follow the Islamic Shariaa, which includes capital punishment and it is the choice of the victims family to give capital punishment to the criminal or not. But only for very serious crimes such as rape and murder. As stated in the Quran: If anyone kills a person- unless it be (a punishment) for murder or for spreading mischief in the land- it would be as if he/she has killed all of mankind. And if anyone saves a life, it would be as if he saved the life of all mankind (Quran 5:32). Also, the death penalty could eradicate the problem of overflowing prisons. If they keep prisoners for life in their prisons, that would mean providing space for them to stay, food, shelter, clothing, etc. which would waste a lot of resources and prison space. The prisoners with life sentences could still kill other prisoners or guards while in prison and could even escape and go on a killing rampage throughout the place. And it is more than fair because the victim was an innocent human being and had his/her life taken away without having to have his/her last wish or write his/her will and was killed without any reason. So therefore, why should the criminal let to live after he/she has taken the life of an innocent human being? And not giving a death sentence to the criminal who has killed/raped another innocent human being will not be fair as this will show empathy towards the criminal which is wrong. It also prevents other inmates in prison serving life sentences from killing more people while in prison, because if there is no death penalty, then they would keep killing without having anything to lose. Also the crime rate will swell, as the criminal will not fear death penalty as there is no death penalty and they could go about killing people without having to fear th e capital punishment. On the other hand, Capital punishment means that they could be taking some innocent persons life without much evidence. For example, a person who is accused of doing a major crime, but has not really done it and cannot prove himself will be put to death for his crime. So it takes the lives of innocent people in rare cases and in old ages. But due to the technological advances, DNA testing and other ways of getting evidence can make certain that the accused is the real criminal. People also say that the death penalty is a barbaric act, but the criminal committing the crime does not think about barbaric acts while committing the crime. But keeping a person in prison could be more torturous and painful and it would be better for the prisoner to die rather than live in the prison, so then keeping the criminal in prison would be a much more severe punishment than the death penalty. Also people who have given up on life and wanting to suicide, can go on a killing ram page and then get sentenced for capital punishment, which is what they want. So it would be better if they kept them in prison to not fulfill their desire. Other countries which do not use the death penalty would have better likeness of the countries which do not use the death penalty. I would personally agree with the death penalty as it gives a sigh of relief to the victims family and would deter future major crimes. This is the most debatable topic in the criminal justice system. There are many advantages and disadvantages to the death penalty, but if people see the advantages and disadvantages correctly and have empathy for the victims then, they will support capital punishment more. So therefore regarding my previous arguments, having the death penalty is a better option of serving justice in the criminal justice system, as it will help curb future criminals.

A Genocide Forgotten Essay -- Essays Papers

A Genocide Forgotten During his stay at the Crown Hotel’s Sailor Reading Room in Norwich, the mysterious protagonist in W.G. Sebald’s Rings of Saturn was quietly leafing through Independent on Sunday newspaper; he came across an article that stirred his memory. This article dealt with â€Å"so-called cleansing operations† undertaken by Croats, Germans and Austrians which took place during WW2 in Bosnia d, where a souvenir photograph taken by the Utashi showed â€Å"fellow militiamen in the best of spirits, some of them striking heroic poses, are sawing the head off a Serb† (96). Sebald’s protagonist goes on to reveal more historical information with graphic details and in the process is bewildered by the lack of outrage and knowledge of these atrocities. The culmination of the ignorance was the election of an unnamed â€Å"young Viennese lawyer (99)† who was involved in the planning of deportations in the Balkans later became the UN Secretary General and the voi ce of Voyager II. Consequently, in his novel, Rings of Saturn, W.G. retold the tragedy and horror of the Balkan Holocaust and Kurt Waldheim’s ascension in world politics in order to underscore the ironies inherent in historical amnesia. In order to fully comprehend the significance of Sebald’s revelations, one must review the historical background surrounding these atrocities. Following, World War One, the signing of the Treaty of Versailles the ended of the rule of the Hapsburg dynasty, the multiethnic Astro-Hungarian Empire crumbled. In its place independent states of Austrian and Hungary, but also another multiethnic kingdom of Yugoslavia, which contained Serbs, Croats, Slovenes and Jews were established.1 While Orthodox Serbs were an overall majority, Catholic Croats were in m... ...ng war criminals?† Human Events. August 2, 1996: 4-6. Reinhartz, Dennis. â€Å"Unmarked graves: the destruction of the Yugoslav Roma in the Balkan Holocaust.† Journal of Genocide Research. 1 (1999) 81-90 Sebald, W.G. The Rings of Saturn. Trans. Michael Hulse. London: Harvill, 1998. Schindley, Wanda. â€Å"Hidden History: the Horror of Jasenovac.† Ratsko.org. (2005). Utgaard, Peter.Remebering and Forgetting Nazism. New York: Bergham, 2003. Wertz, Joachim. On the Serbian Orthodox New Martyrs of the Second World War:A Brief Historical Background. Orthodox Christian Information Center. (1983) . â€Å"What was Jasenovac?†. 2001. The Jasenovac Research Institute. April 13, 2005.

Andrew Jackson :: Biography Biographies Bio

Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States of America, was born on March 15, 1767 in the Waxhaw’s area near the border of North and South Carolina. His parents lived in North Carolina but historians are not sure exactly where. Jackson was the third son of Scots - Irish parents. His father died a few weeks before he was born in a logging accident. His mother, Elizabeth Hutchison Jackson was a strong independent woman. After Jackson’s father died she was able to raise their three sons while they lived with one of her sisters. When Andrew was nine years old the Declaration of Independence was wrote and signed. Then when he was only thirteen he joined the Continental Army as a courier. The Revolution hurt the Jackson family. All three boys saw the front lines. Andrew’s oldest brother Hugh, died in the Battle of Stono Ferry. Then two years later Andrew and Robert, his other older brother, were taken for prisoners for a few weeks in April of 1781.They both got smallpox and within a few days of getting let go Robert died. Later on that year Elizabeth Jackson went to Charleston to nurse American prisoners of war. There she contracted either ship fever or cholera and died. After the war was over, Andrew found himself an orphan and an only child at 14. The next year and a half he spent living with relatives and being apprenticed to a saddle maker. He taught school for a short time after the war but did not enjoy it. When he was seventeen he went to Salisbury, North Carolina which is where he studied law for a few years. He was admitted in to the North Carolina Bar in September of 1787. In June of 1796 Tennessee separated from North Carolina and admitted to the Union as the 16th state. Andrew was soon elected Tennessee’s first congressman. He was also elected as a U.S. senator but resigned after only one session. He then went home and became a judge for six years on the Tennessee Supreme Court. Andrew’s military career which had all started when he was only 13 years old became even more successful when he was elected major general of the Tennessee militia. Jackson later lead troops during the First Seminole War in Florida. General Jackson came from the battlefields of the War of 1812 a national hero. It was during this time he got his nickname which is â€Å"Old Hickory.

My Favorite Leader †Zhou Enlai Essay

Abstract As is known to us all, Zhou Enlai, as a communist party member, the first premier and foreign minister of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), has a high reputation from home and abroad. This paper includes four parts in total. It starts with the brief introduction to Zhou Enlai and then pays more attention to the second part about his contributions. Following is the third part about evaluations from domestic and international. The last part comes to the conclusion. Key words: Zhou Enlai reputation contributions evaluations I. Introduction Zhou Enlai was born in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province on 5 March 1898, and died in Beijing on January 8, 1976. Zhou, an important member of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from its beginnings in 1921, was the first Premier of PRC, serving from October 1949 to January 1976. Though Zhou severed as the Chinese Foreign Minister just from 1949 to 1958, he was a master in policy implementation, with infinite capacity for details. His skills and ability of diplomat impressed people all round the globe. He was of great help in consolidating the control of the Communist Party’s rise to power, forming foreign policies, and developing the Chinese economy. II. Contributions To the liberation of the Chinese people and the foundation of a new China As I have mentioned in the first part, Zhou was born at the end of the 19th century, when China was suffering from internal and external. So, Zhou has dedicated himself to the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people since he was young. Between 1920 and 1924, he studied in France and Germany under a work-study program and spread Marxism among Chinese students and workers living there. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1922. During the period of the Great Revolution, he took an active part in the Northern Expedition and made important contributions to the overthrow of the reactionary rule of the northern warlords. He was also one of the leaders of Nanchang Uprising and one of the founders of the People’s Army after the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927. In 1935, Zhou played an important  role in supporting Mao Zedong’s propositions at Zunyi Conference which helped make the Long March of the Red Army a great success. When the Red Army arrived in Northern Shaanxi Province, Zhou, working under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), on behalf of the Communist Party, held talks with Chiang Kai-shek who adopted measures to firstly maintain internal security and then repel foreign invasion, facing the Japanese invasion to Shenyang, China. During the negotiations, Zhou firmly carried out Chairman Mao’s policy, skillfully compelled Chiang Kai-shek to stop the civil war and successfully led to the peaceful settlement of the Xi’an Incident, and thus promoted the formation of anti-Japanese national united front. In the Liberation War of China, he spared no pains to assist Mao Zedong in organizing and commanding the Three Great Campaigns and establishing the new China. To Diplomatic Relations After New China was founded, Premier Zhou also worked as the Foreign Minister for nine years, during which he made painstaking efforts to develop the basic diplomatic policies and form the Foreign Ministry, including formulating rules, systems and diplomatic disciplines. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence proposed by Premier Zhou that † mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence † remains the most important norm and standard which officials of the Foreign Ministry must abide by nowadays. The Geneva Conference In April 1954, Zhou, together with the delegation of the People’s Republic of China, attended the Geneva Conference, which was to settle the ongoing Franco-Vietnamese War. His patience and shrewdness assisted the major powers involved (the Soviets, French, Americans, and North Vietnamese) to reach the agreement ending the conflict, and made it possible that the independence of the three countries—South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia got the international recognition. Meanwhile, on behalf of the Chinese Government, Zhou put forward the five principles of peaceful coexistence as the criterion for the relationship between countries. The Asian–African Conference In 1955, Zhou was a prominent participator in the Asian–African Conference held in Indonesia. At the conference, Zhou skillfully maintained the right to possess Taiwan, demanded the approval of the People’s Republic of China, put forward his stand for â€Å"peaceful coexistence† and against â€Å"colonialism†, advocated â€Å"seeking common ground while putting aside differences† and made it possible that, the conference produced a strong declaration in favor of peace and actively carried out the peaceful coexistence of China’s foreign policy. The Sino-American relations By the early 1970s, Sino-American relations had begun to improve. In January 1970, the Chinese invited the American ping-pong team to China, initiating an era of â€Å"ping-pong diplomacy†. In 1971, Zhou met secretly with President Nixon’s security advisor, Henry Kissinger, who had flown to China to prepare for a meeting between Richard Nixon and Mao Zedong. After these meetings, Zhou successfully let the United States agree to allow the transfer of American money to China, to allow trades between American-owned ships and China (under foreign flags), and to allow Chinese exports into the United States since the Korean War. What’s more, the United States publicly acknowledged that Taiwan was an inalienable part of the People’s Republic of China. To promote the people’s well-being During the establishment of the new Chinese government, he succeeded in getting support from people from all walks of life, which provided a solid foundation for the construction of the Chinese society and the consolidation of the new China. First foreign minister as he was, Zhou made it possible to create an international environment favorable to China’s construction and to promote world peace and human development. In 1954, he proposed the four modernization goal of constructing a modern industry, agriculture, transportation industry and national defense, which promoted the rapid development of the national science and technology. During the Cultural Revolution, he exerted himself to keep order in the critical situation, and made a great effort to save comrades being persecuted or imprisoned. In 1975, on behalf of the Party, he reintroduced his â€Å"Four Modernization†Ã‚  giving people the confidence and courage to reconstruct China having been destroyed and confused by the Cultural Revolution, III. Evaluations From domestic After his death, one million five hundred thousand people came to see his coffin, and memorials for him were held everywhere. One of the memorial reports devoted to Zhou Enlai wrote: â€Å"He looks to have left nothing for us. But†¦he have hundreds millions of children and grandchildren, and all the land of China is grave for him†. Qian Xuesen, father of the two bombs, once said, â€Å"According to what many non-party people said, they had no idea of the communist party of China until they got to know Zhou Enlai and it was because of him that they began to believe in the CCP.† The writer Bing Xin expressed her admiration that â€Å"Premier Zhou Enlai is the first perfect in the hearts of billion people of 20th century†. From international On January 8, 1976, it was the exact day of Zhou’s death, in front of United Nations Headquarters in New York, the United Nations flag down a half-mast. The UN Secretary, who named General Kurt Waldheim, said, â€Å"In order to mourn Zhou Enlai, the United Nations is to half-mast. There are two reasons for me to make this decision: Firstly, China is an ancient civilization with many countless treasures of gold and silver, but she has no penny of Premier Zhou’s deposits; Secondly, China has a population of one billion and accounts for 1/4 of world’s population, but she has no child of Premier Zhou.† The First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy once said: â€Å"In the world I only worship one man, that is, Zhou Enlai.† Sihanouk lady Monika also said: â€Å"Zhou Enlai is my only idol!† To conclude this part, these evaluations not only mirror his incomparable wit diplomatic skills, but also reflect our beloved Premier Zhou noble characteristics admired in t he world. IV. Conclusion As I have mentioned above, Zhou Enlai enjoys a high reputation in China as well as in other countries, because of his incomparable diplomatic skills and devotion to the cause. Zhou devoted himself to his cause, making unremitting efforts to spread Marxism, making contributions to the  liberation of the Chinese people and the development of China and sparing no pains to promote the Chinese people’s well-being and the peace of the world. Bibliography 1. http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/å‘ ¨Ã¦  ©Ã¦  ¥ 2. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1751. 3. http://www.baike.com/wiki/å‘ ¨Ã¦  ©Ã¦  ¥ 4. Gao Wenqian. Zhou Enlai: The Last Perfect Revolutionary. NY: Public Affairs, 2007. 5. Lee, Chae-jin. Zhou Enlai: The Early Years. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994. 6. Levine, Marilyn. The Found Generation: Chinese Communists in Europe during the Twenties. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1993. 7. Wilson, Dick. Zhou Enlai: A Biography. New York: Viking, 1984 8. Tang Jiaxuan. Tang Jiaxuan Elaborates Zhou Enlai’s Diplomatic Thinking in Tianjin Nankai Middle School. ä ¸ ­Ã¥ Å½Ã¤ º ºÃ¦ °â€˜Ã¥â€¦ ±Ã¥â€™Å'å› ½Ã¥ ¤â€"ä º ¤Ã©Æ' ¨

Research approach Essay

This chapter will present the research approach, chosen research method, sampling selection, materials, procedure, and method of data analysis of the current research. The present study adopts a quantitative approach through the use of surveys. It also is empirical and deductive, in the sense that it has gone through primary data gathering before making conclusions about the subject at hand (Sekaran 2000). Moreover, the study is also descriptive-correlational in nature. By descriptive, it has ascertained the levels of importance and actual performance of Body Shop along these factors which affect the buying choice of cosmetics among young females in the United Kingdom. It is likewise correlational in nature because it has aimed to establish if there are significant relationships among patronage of Body Shop because its products are environmentally friendly; belief that Body Shop is a socially responsible company; general patronage of products and companies that espouse care for the environment; and overall satisfaction of Body Shop Products The study made use of survey research to be able to gather primary data. A survey is beneficial for several reasons. First, it is able to gather a representative measure of a trait or characteristic, given a well-sampled group of respondents (Bryman 1992). Surveys are an effective means of data gathering given the constraints on finances and time. They are capable of describing charateristics of the sample of respondents who have accomplished it, and allow generalisations about the sample from which they were culled. Moreover, it is also effectual in gaining insights about the individual perceptions or assessments of the respondents on a given set of questions or statements. These lend themselves to statistical analysis (Bryman 1992; Malhotra & Birks 1999). Telephone surveys were used. Ritchie & Goeldner (1994), a telephone survey is carried out where respondents answer through the telephone as medium in contrast with personal administration. He further asserts that this medium even has advantages as opposed to personal survey deployment. They permit contact with individuals who are difficult to reach and may even make respondents more comfortable and candid with answering the questions. Moreover, it obviously allows savings in both time and cost. However, when not conducted effectively, it may come out as too impersonal and the researcher will also not see the body language of the respondent, which may sometimes be important. Information may be for straightforward questions only and may not be effective for highly sensitive research topics (Ritchie & Goeldner 1994). In the current research a survey was deployed to be able to ascertain the perceptions of the female respondents on factors that affect their purchase choice of cosmetics. These perceptions came in the form of the degree of importance attached to these factors and the actual performance of Body Shop on the same factors. There were also general statements that have to do with environmentalism, patronage of CSR-centric companies and overall satisfaction with a cosmetic product. 3. 1 Sampling Selection There was a total of 150 female respondents who participated in the study. This sample size was deemed adequate for the purposes of the study. However, to be able to qualify as respondent, the following inclusion criteria have to be met: The respondent should 1) be female; 2) have purchased a Body Shop product within the last 12 months; 3) be willing to participate in a telephone survey for 10 minutes. Thus, the researcher made use of purposive sampling (Salkind 2000). The researcher began only with 20 acquaintances who have then given referrals to be able to complete the sample size. This size will allow the use and computation of powerful parametric stastics. 3. 2 Materials The instrument that was used for the current research was self-constructed. The researcher went about designing the questions after an extensive review of related literature. From these were gathered insights on the factors which affect cosmetic purchase. After the initial design, the researcher showed the questionnaire to a subject matter expert to ascertain both face validity and content validity. Face validity suggests that the instrtument ‘looks’ valid, while content validity ensures that it measures what it intends to measure (Chisnall 1997). The evential aim for the instrument is to be able to provide a detailed way of presenting the questions while not incurring survey fatigue. Moreover, the researcher was careful about including only questions which were pertinent to the construct being measured, or they will be regarded as irrelevant (Oppenheim, 1992). This also suggests that the questions must allow the researcher to address all the objectives put forth in the research (Ghauri et al 2002). The questionnaire may either be sent through email or anwered personally by the respondents or through phone. In this case, the researcher opted to do telephone interviews, while marking the responses on the survey sheet. She has read each question loudly and asked the respondent to verbally express her rating on the statement. Questionnaires either describe or measure individual/group characteristics such as values, attitudes, opinions, etc. and contain four types of questions: demographics, behaviour, knowledge and attitude. Finally, they can be classified according to the type of response required, or the type of questionnaire administered (Chisnall, 1997). The first part of the questionnaire inquired about their gender and age, and whether they have purchased a Body Shop product in the past 12 months. The next two portions of the study inquired about the degree of importance they placed on the following factors:qality of the products; having a globally renowned brand name; competitive price of the product; tendiness or fashion sense represented by the product; the degree to which the product is environment-friendly; the customer service of the store personnel; the variety of product offerings in the store; the convenience of going to the store location; the sales promotions used for the product; recommendations or positive feedback I garner from my friends, family and acquaintances; media advertisements of the product; information on the product’s label; atractiveness of the packaging; the degree to which the product espouses â€Å"natural† rather than artificial; and the values espoused by the company who sells the product. These were all answered by ticking the box of their response (or expressing it directly in the case of a phone interview) within a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The last part of the survey presents the following statements, which also requires them to indicate their level of agreement on the same 5-point Likert scale: I patronise Body Shop because its products are environmentally friendly. I believe Body Shop is a socially responsible company. I generally patronise products and companies that espouse care for the environment. Your overall satisfaction of Body Shop Products Once approved as face and content valid, the researcher went about with the pilot testing of the questionnaire. This ensured that the questions were easily understandable and do not cause confusion. This required 5 respondents, from which no major changes were made on the instrument. 3. 3 Procedure The research entailed the gathering of both secondary and primary data. Secondary data came in the form of books, journals, and online sources which the researcher consulted to be able to draft Chapter 2 of the paper. Primary data, on the other and, entails the gathering of first-hand data through observations, surveys, interviews, and the like (Bryman 1992). To be able to gather primary data for the study, the researcher designed a questionnaire. The latter are usually the most feasible means of encompassing a large number of individuals that allows for valid and generalisable statistical results. With a well-designed instrument that is both reliable and valid, much substantive conclusions may be drawn. This is precisely the reason why the researcher has used this method in gathering primary data for the current research (Chisnall, 1997). After the design of the survey instrument, the researcher went about with the pilot study, which allowed him to check on the clarity of the questions (Chisnall 1997), through the suggestions of the 5 respondents who undertook it. They were requested to listen carefully to, answer the questions, and comment freely about each one. Moreover, this phase also allowed the researcher to estimate that each telephone interview will not last more than 10 minutes. The survey proper then followed, entailing gathering the respondents for the sample. This meant contacting acquaintances who were patrons of Body Shop and enlisting them onto the sample if they met the inclusion criteria (these are further discussed in the sampling section). Their responses were collated and statistically analysed. Substantive conclusions were drawn from the statistical results.